Vol. 8, Issue 1, Part A (2026)

Introduction: Fungal infections are a common dermatological complaint, aggravated by drug resistance and systemic side effects of conventional therapy. Sulconazole nitrate (SCZ), an imidazole derivative, is a versatile antifungal, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drug that is the favorable alternative. Despite this, its poor aqueous solubility and skin retention confine its potential to be a potent treatment. In this study, an nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) based gel delivery system is aimed to be developed and tested for improved dermal delivery and efficacy of SCZ.

Methods: NLCs loaded with SCZ were prepared using stearic acid and isopropyl myristate with the assistance of hot homogenization and microemulsion methods. Optimally developed NLC-SN-10 was subsequently incorporated into a Carbopol 940 gel base. The physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation across the skin, skin irritation, and antifungal action of the gel towards Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were evaluated.

Results: Optimal physicochemical characteristics as maximum entrapment efficiency (74.35%), pH skin compatibility (6.70±0.10), and enhanced spreadability were present in NLC-SN-10 gel. In vitro drug release was 74.39% at 24 hours, which was significantly higher compared to the conventional gel. Ex vivo permeation indicated improved SCZ diffusion (2955 µg/cm²). No irritation was observed in skin tests. Antifungal activity ensured broad-spectrum activity with inhibition zones in the range of standard SCZ.

Conclusion: The NLC gel loaded with SCZ provides a stable, skin-compatible, and efficient platform for the improved antifungal delivery. This innovative idea has prospects for better treatment of dermal fungal infection.